Are there instances when you obtain an abdominal X-ray over an ultrasound or CT scan for kidney stone surveillance in a patient with recurrent calcium based nephrolithiasis?

Currently, no. My goal with renal imaging is to determine the number, size and position of stones. Before the advent of ultrasound and CT scanning, I used KUB with tomograms. Those have been replaced by CT and ultrasound for more accuracy and less radiation.

My urologic colleagues may use an abdomin...

I agree with Dr. @Dr. First Last. I see no use for an abd Xray. I, generally, go to US, which has no radiation and is good at localizing stones and can identify relatively small stones as well as give a good sense of stone burden. Occasionally, a CT may be required.