Following transanal excision with positive margins for for T1 or T2 rectal cancer, is it more appropriate to proceed with APR or attempt sphincter preservation with RT/Chemo?  

The issue of sphincter conservation for low stage, low lying rectal cancers has been a topic of interest for a long time.Unfortunately, there is no clear cut answer to the question. The CALGB ran a Phase II trial a couple of decades ago that addressed the general issue of whether local excision plus...