Immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy in patients with NSCLC harboring molecular alterations remains poorly elucidated. This study was undertaken to determine ICI efficacy against BRAF-, HER2-, MET-, and RET-NSCLC in a real-world setting.

In this retrospective, multicenter study in ICI-treated BRAF-, HER2-, MET- or RET-NSCLCs, we analyzed clinical characteristics and outcomes: ICI-treatment duration, progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate, duration of response, and overall survival (OS).

There were 107 patients with NSCLC (mean age, 65.5 y) included from 21 centers: 37% were never-smokers, 54% were men, and 93% had adenocarcinoma. Among them, 44 had BRAF mutation (V600: 26), 23 had HER2 mutation, 30 had MET mutation, and nine had RET translocation. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status was known for 70 patients and was greater than or equal to 1% in 34 patients. Before ICI, patients had received a median of one treatment line. Median duration of response, PFS, and OS were 15.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12.6-not reached [NR]) months, 4.7 (95% CI: 2.3-7.4) months, and 16.2 (95% CI: 12.0-24.0) months, respectively, for the entire cohort. The response rates for BRAF-V600, BRAF-non-V600, HER2, MET, and RET-altered NSCLC were 26%, 35%, 27%, 36%, and 38%, respectively. For patients who were PD-L1 negative and those who were PD-L1 positive, PFS was 3.0 (95% CI: 1.2-NR) and 4.3 (95% CI: 2.1-8.5) months, respectively, and OS was 11.7 (95% CI: 4.1-NR) and 35.8 (95% CI: 9.0-35.2) months, respectively. Toxicities were reported in 28 patients (26%), including 11 patients (10%) with a grade greater than or equal to three.

In this real-world setting, ICI efficacy against patients with BRAF-, HER2-, MET-, or RET-NSCLC seemed close to that observed in unselected patients with NSCLC. Large prospective studies on these subsets of patients are needed.