European urology oncology 2018-05
Heterogeneous Flare in Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography Tracer Uptake with Initiation of Androgen Pathway Blockade in Metastatic Prostate Cancer.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a highly sensitive tool for the detection of prostate cancer metastases. However, the effect of primary and secondary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on PSMA PET uptake has not been described.
OBJECTIVE
To prospectively evaluate changes in Ga-PSMA-11 PET uptake on initiation of androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Prospective single-institution study of patients with metastatic castration-sensitive (n=4) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (n=4) starting treatment with ADT and enzalutamide, respectively, who underwent serial Ga-PSMA-11 PET imaging before and after treatment initiation.
OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The percentage change in Ga-PSMA-11 PET uptake from baseline was descriptively reported and graphically represented.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS
Early increases in PSMA PET tracer uptake in at least one metastatic lesion were observed in six out of seven patients who achieved subsequent prostate-specific antigen declines of >50% from baseline. Overall, 22 of 45 metastatic lesions (49%) exhibited early increases in PSMA uptake that were indicative of a flare effect rather than disease progression. Considerable intra- and interpatient heterogeneity was observed in the temporal pattern of PSMA uptake on treatment initiation. Study limitations include the sample size, the variable timing for scan acquisition, and limited long-term follow up.
CONCLUSIONS
Tumor flare in PSMA PET tracer uptake in the absence of disease progression is variably observed on initiation of AR-targeted treatment. Further studies are needed to delineate the factors controlling PSMA expression to optimize the diagnostic yield.
PATIENT SUMMARY
Flares of increased prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) tracer uptake on positron emission tomography scans are variably observed following initiation of hormone therapy for prostate cancer and do not necessarily represent disease progression. There was considerable variability in PSMA expression between patients, and further studies are needed to understand the factors controlling PSMA expression.
Related Questions
Do you worry about false negatives on PET, CT, MRI if ADT is started before the scan? Scheduling scans can sometimes book 2-4 weeks out.
New answer by Medical Oncologist at Mary Lanning Healthcare Morrison Cancer Center/University of Nebraska Medical Center Adjunct Faculty (February 8, 2022)
It is important to evaluate both castration-sensitive and castration-resistant models and patients, short and long term ADT with various agents (e.g., short term ADT use of or...