Targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT IORT) is an option during breast-conserving surgery (BCS). No data have yet been published regarding the safety of TARGIT IORT with implants in situ. TARGIT IORT is an attractive option in this context because of the risk of capsular fibrosis following external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in such patients.

We are reporting a retrospective analysis of 16 patients who received TARGIT IORT during BCS for early breast cancer after previous implant-based breast augmentation. TARGIT IORT was performed using the Intrabeam™method.

Follow-up varied from 98 to 5 months. There were no procedure-related complications. One patient developed local recurrence after 36 months of follow-up. Among the remaining patients (15/16), no breast-cancer-related events occurred.

This series of patients with TARGIT IORT during BCS after implant-based breast augmentation revealed no safety concerns and gives some confidence in discussing this option with selected patients.