The management of multiple myeloma has evolved in the modern era, partially owing to the increasing number of biologic therapeutics. Nonetheless, radiation remains an important treatment in the management of painful lytic lesions from multiple myeloma. The goal of this study is to evaluate the side effect profile of radiation therapy (RT) while patients are concurrently treated with biologic agents.

We conducted a retrospective study based on data collected from patients receiving RT at our institute from 2007 to 2017. A total of 130 patients (279 treatment sites) were included in this study with a median follow-up time of 14 months. Patients were required to be receiving a biological agent at least within 1 month before starting and up to 1 month after RT. Generalized estimating equations with a log link function and binomial distribution were used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) and compare the side effects between patients with RT alone and RT + biologic agent.

The median age of all patients in our cohort was 64 years, with 53 men (58.9%) and 37 women (41.1%). The mean Karnofsky performance status score of all cohorts was 80. No significant difference in incidence of acute (PR: 1.33; 95% CI, 0.80-2.22; = .2660) or subacute (PR: 0.90; 95% CI, 0.49-1.67; = .7464) toxicities was found between patients with or without biologic agents who were treated concurrently with RT. No significant difference was found in reduction in laboratory values between patients with or without biologic agents treated concurrently with RT for white blood cells ( = .6916), platelets ( = .7779), or hematocrit ( = .0858).

Our study did not detect any significant toxicity rates from palliative radiation while patients were concurrently treated with biologic agents.