What is your approach to managing patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis in the setting of hypoparathyroidism?  

If patients truly have hypoparathyroidism, then the issue is to manage their hypocalemia, which usually requires large doses of oral calcium as well as treatment with VDRAs, which results in marked hypercalciuria, since they do not have PTH to help reabsorb calcium. This even occurs when they have C...