How do you identify which patients are at highest risk for decompensation and most likely to benefit from NIV for pre-oxygenation prior to intubation?  

Prior to this study, I would periodically use NIV pre-oxygenation for patients not already on NIV for respiratory failure if they were requiring high levels of FiO2 (>50% FiO2 on HFNC, or >6-8L nasal cannula/face mask), were very obese, or had other predictors of a difficult airway.In the PREO...

This study was a multicenter, randomized trial that included 1,301 patients from 24 emergency departments and intensive care units. Patients were assigned to receive preoxygenation either with NIV or an oxygen mask. The study found that there was significantly less hypoxemia in the NIV group. Cardia...