What bladder-filling protocol do you use when treating children with bladder neck rhabdomyosarcoma with definitive radiotherapy (VMAT)?  

We have experiences from Proton beam therapy. Bladder filling protocol will depend on the tumor and age of the patient. Our preferred way is to do it via suprapubic catheter if the tumor is not interfering with the position of the catheter. Filling volumes may be around 150-200 ml (however, the age...

For proton delivery in sedated children, we attempt to replicate the process at simulation and during treatment delivery with similar amounts of time elapsing between filling the bladder and CT sim imaging or proton delivery. We ask for IV fluids during sedation to run at a minimal rate. We calculat...